Share of foreign vs. domestic managers among teams still standing at each stage, pooled across all 12 World Cups, 1978–2022
Domestic manager
Foreign manager
Illustrative bracket — each column pools every team that reached that stage across all 12 tournaments into one round-wide proportion; it is not a single tournament's actual draw. Icons within a column aren't individual teams — they're a unit count: enough solid-foreign icons to cover the round's foreign share, one icon split to carry the remainder, the rest solid domestic, so the total colored area across the column matches the real percentage. "Did Not Qualify" is a separate pool of every non-qualifying campaign (not connected into the bracket, since those teams never advanced to Group Stage) shown alongside for comparison. Source: World Cup manager data compiled from Wikipedia, 1978–2022.